Drug Name Differin

In its protonated form, the molecule possesses both a polar hydrophilic moiety (protonated nitrogen) and an apolar lipophilic moiety (ring system)—it is amphiphilic. Graphic images of the procaine molecule reveal that the positive charge does not have a punctate localization at the N atom; rather it is distributed, as shown by the potential on the van der Waals’ surface.
Lipophilic substances (red dots) may enter the membrane from the extracellular space (area shown in ochre), accumulate in the membrane, and exit into the cytosol (blue area). Direction and speed of permeation depend on the relative concentrations in the fluid phases and the membrane. The steeper the gradient (concentration difference), the more drug will be diffusing per unit of time.

 

This technology provides for pharmacokinetic benefits of orally administered nanoparticles (less than 2 microns) in the form of a rapidly disintegrating tablet matrix and wide range of doses (up to 200mg of API per unit). NanoCrystal colloidal dispersions of drug substance are combined with water-soluble GRAS (generally regarded as safe) ingredients, filled into blisters, and lyophilized.
Under normal conditions, methemoglobin is produced continuously, but reduced again with the help of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Substances that promote formation of methemoglobin (B) may cause a lethal deficiency of O2. Tolonium chloride is a redox dye that can be given i. v. to reduce methemoglobin.