Drug Name Metformin

The bond, and possibly the effect, persist for a long time after intake of a drug has been discontinued, making therapy difficult to control. Examples include alkylating cytostatics (p. 298) or organophosphates (p. 102). Conjugation reactions occurring in biotransformation also represent a covalent linkage (e. g. , to glucuronic acid, p. 38). Noncovalent bond.
Sulfonamides structurally resemble p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a precursor in bacterial DHF synthesis. As false substrates, sulfonamides competitively inhibit utilization of PABA, hence DHF synthesis. Because most bacteria cannot take up exogenous folate, they are depleted of DHF. Sulfonamides thus possess bacteriostatic activity against a broad spectrum of pathogens.

 

When stroke volume is decreased due to insufficient blood volume, plasma substitutes will be helpful in treating blood loss, whereas aldosterone deficiency requires administration of a mineralocorticoid (e. g. , fludrocortisone). The latter is the drug of choice for orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic failure.
Pancreatic enzymes (B) from slaughtered animals are used to relieve excretory insufficiency of the pancreas ( disrupted digestion of fats; steatorrhea, inter alia). Normally, secretion of pancreatic enzymes is activated by cholecystokinin/pancreozymin, the enterohormone that is released into blood from the duodenal mucosa upon contact with chyme.